Diffraction of X-Rays in Liquids: Effect of Temperature

Abstract

The effect of temperature upon x-ray diffraction has been examined for the following liquids: mesitylene, 4-hydroxy-1.3-dimethylbenzene, 2-hydroxy-1.3-dimethylbenzene, phenol, napthalene, benzene, cyclohexane, di-n-propyl carbinol, heptylic acid, tertiary butyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, octane, 2.7-dimethyloctane and 2.4-trime-thylpentane. (1) The peaks shift in the intensity-diffraction angle curve toward smaller angles with increase in temperature, which varies in amount in different planer spacings in the same liquid; (2), the peak intensity varies with temperature differently for the different spacings in a single liquid, the principal maxima showing a decrease in the intensity for some liquids (class I), and an increase in the intensity for other liquids (class II) with increase in temperature; (3) a greater diffuseness of the principal maxima was found at high temperatures, attaining a greater magnitude for class I liquids; (4) the percentage increase in peak width per degree change in temperature is greater for class II than for class I; (5) boiling had no effect on diffraction phenomena, (6), increased scattering at small angles was noted at high temperatures, the effect being greater for class II.