Bureaucracy is an epithet, but it is also rationalization of administration. In contrast to pre-bureaucratic forms of organization, bureaucracy rationalizes reporting relationships, procedures, careers, and compensation. Even so, bureaucracy is fraught with dysfunctions, among them resistance to change, endemic power struggles, and the tendency to elaborate structure and process. Today, large firms and government agencies retain many of the elements of bureaucracy, anti-bureaucratic rhetoric notwithstanding. Conventional indexes show that the level of bureaucratization in Western societies to have remained essentially flat over the last decade. However, there has been a proliferation of new organizational forms, for example entrepreneurial organizations, network organizations, and virtual organizations, which attempt to achieve the benefits of rationalization without incurring the costs associated with bureaucratic administration.