Behavior of the rat after removal of the neocortex and hippocampal formation.

Abstract

After surgical removal of the neocortex and hippocampal formation, rats retained most of the movement patterns of locomotion, climbing, grooming, feeding and fighting. Forepaw immobility during swimming was abolished. Feeding behavior was suppressed temporarily but recovered partially. The distinctive postures of sleep and waking and a circadian rhythm of motor activity were retained. Behaviors were often not performed at the appropriate time and place. The normal sequence of grooming behavior was disrupted; food hoarding and social behavior were essentially abolished. Removal of the neocortex alone had much the same effect as removal of neocortex and hippocampus together. Removal of hippocampus alone produced only a mild disruption of behavior. Ascending nonspecific projections to the cerebral cortex may play an important role in the moment-to-moment control of behavior but are not essential for the sleep-waking cycle.