FOR MANY years I have noted that enucleated eyes referred for histologic study and found to show the lesion called by Verhoeff and Lemoine1 endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica have occasionally been submitted under the clinical diagnosis or suspicion of sympathetic ophthalmia. In some such cases inflammation in the second eye has been unusually severe and persistent. This experience led to the conviction that endophthalmitis of this type might be bilateral, and the concept became well known among practitioners and students at the Brooklyn Eye and Ear Hospital. It was not until 1951, however, that an opportunity presented to establish the diagnosis histologically by examination of an enucleated second, or "sympathizing," eye in such a case. In all our previous cases the nature of the lesion in the second eye, whether lens-induced endophthalmitis, true sympathetic ophthalmia, or some other type of disease, remained without histologic verification. The "proved case" and selected examples