Scaling quantum-dot light-emitting diodes to submicrometer sizes

Abstract

We introduce a device structure and a fabrication technique that allow the realization of efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with dimensions of the active area in the $\text{≈100\hspace{0.17em}}\mathrm{nm}$ range. Using optical lithography, selective oxidation, and an active region consisting of InAs quantum dots (QDs), we fabricated LEDs with light–current–voltage characteristics which scale well with nominal device area down to 600 nm diam at room temperature. The scaling behavior provides evidence for strong carrier confinement in the QDs and shows the potential for the realization of high-efficiency single-photon LEDs operating at room temperature.