Pathological behavior patterns are often observed in patients in the ICU. In a Surgical ICU (SICU), 7% (22/322). of a patient population required psychiatric consultation during a 6-month period. As a group, these patients had more prolonged stays, more frequent requirements for mechanical ventilation, a higher incidence of cardiac arrest and a higher mortality rate than the entire SICU population. The psychiatrist was asked to evaluate multiple behavioral syndromes, some of which were irreversible concomitants of grave illnesses. However, with certain syndromes, psychiatric assistance greatly facilitated the resolution of problems that hampered pre- and postoperative management and the patient's eventual recovery.