A survey of ionospheric effects upon earth-space radio propagation
- 1 January 1964
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in Proceedings of the IEEE
- Vol. 52 (1), 4-27
- https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1964.2737
Abstract
The frequency dependence is derived and the order of magnitude is presented for various ionospheric effects upon radio waves which have frequencies greater than the penetration frequency of the ionosphere. Among the phenomena considered are phase-path length change, refraction, frequency change, group-path delay, polarization rotation, and absorption. A detailed discussion is given of the mean value and variability of ionospheric absorption, refraction, scintillations, and polarization changes.Keywords
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