Contact Laser Vaporization Techniques for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract

Contact laser applications for the relief of bladder outlet obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate are different from the noncontact Nd:YAG laser methods. The noncontact techniques rely on coagulation necrosis or high power-density vaporization. The pure contact Nd:YAG laser allows cutting, coagulation, and vaporization of tissue with minimal penetration beyond the contact surface. In the contact laser prostatectomy technique, the laser probe directly touches and vaporizes the prostatic tissue. This results in immediate removal of the obstructing tissue, in a manner similar to the standard electrosurgical transurethral resection (TURP), and offers the patient the potential for decreased catheter time and a more rapid resolution of symptoms. Our initial experience suggests that the contact technique (contact laser ablation of the prostate or CLAP) may be better suited for the smaller prostate gland (i.e., less than 20–30 g). For prostates larger than 30 g, a newly described procedure known as coagulation and hemostatic resection of the prostate (CHRP) can be used. This method combines initial noncontact coagulation of the prostate with vaporization of a channel. The goal of CHRP is to allow more rapid removal of the catheter with a continued improvement in urine flow secondary to the coagulation effects. The contact laser is specifically designed to vaporize tissue such as the prostate and allows immediate observation of a TUR defect. Improvements in the delivery system and in the size of the contact laser probes have made CLAP a useful modality for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.