Effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine on CCK-4 induced panic attacks

Abstract

Data from animal studies suggest a functional relationship between the cholecystokinin-ergic (CCK) and the serotonergic (5-HT) system. There is increasing evidence that the cholecystokinin-4 (CCK₄) challenge test could be a valid experimental model for panic attacks in man. The aim of the present study is twofold; 1) to validate this model further and 2) to shed more light on the putative CCK\5-HT interaction. To this end, we studied the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine on CCK₄-induced panic attacks. Twenty-six panic disorder (PD) patients received, before and after a double blind 8-week treatment period with fluvoxamine (n = 17) or placebo (n = 9), a single blind bolus injection with 50 μg CCK₄. Treatment with fluvoxamine (150 mg daily) significantly decreased the sensitivity of PD patients for CCK₄ while placebo was without effect. Of the patients who responded to treatment, 83% no longer experienced a panic attack when rechallenged with CCK₄, whereas in the non-responders group this was only 28%. In the fluvoxamine group the treatment response evaluated by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) showed a statistically significant treatment effect. The results of this study strengthen the validity of the CCK₄ test as an experimental human model for panic attacks and yield evidence supporting the hypothesis that both CCK and serotonin are implicated in the regulation of anxiety.