The five binomials published by Linnaeus inGossypium L. are reviewed, their typification and application dealt with, and some earlier misconceptions concerning them clarified. Holotypes are known forG. herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, andG. religiosum. A lectotype ofG. barbadense is herein designated.G. religiosum is considered synonymous withG. hirsutum. The history of the cultivatedG. hirsutum is discussed in support of the present treatment.