A Human Myeloma-Produced Monoclonal Protein Directed Against the Active Subpopulation of Von Willebrand Factor

Abstract

The authors present a study of a human myeloma-produced monoclonal protein (IgG-k) directed against von Willebrand factor that caused an acquired von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)-like syndrome. The illness was characterized by upper gastrointestinal bleeding, prolonged bleeding time, decreased platelet adhesiveness, lack of platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin, and a qualitatively abnormal Factor VIII related antigen (vWF) by two-dimensional immunoelectropheresis. Patient plasma or IgG fraction mixed with normal platelet-rich plasma completely inhibited aggregation with ristocetin, but patient platelets resuspended in normal plasma aggregated normally with ristocetin. VWF was markedly elevated and the two-dimensional immunoelectropheresis of vWF revealed a vWD type II-like pattern with an absence of the higher molecular weight forms of the vWF. Marked inhibitory activity was observed in the ristocetin cofactor assay but disappeared at the highest dilutions of patient plasma used in the assay. Infusion of cryoprecipitate following plasmapheresis led to a correction of the bleeding time, improvement in platelet adhesiveness, transient disappearance of inhibitory activity in the Factor VIII ristocetin cofactor assay, and no significant normalization of two-dimensional immunoelectropheresis of vWF. This case demonstrated a myeloma-associated monoclonal antibody that interacted specifically with that part of the Factor VIII molecule necessary for Factor VIII ristocetin cofactor activity, normal platelet adhesiveness, and bleeding time.