Use of Antimony in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Directions
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 8 June 2011
- journal article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Molecular Biology International
- Vol. 2011, 1-23
- https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/571242
Abstract
In the recent past the standard treatment of kala-azar involved the use of pentavalent antimonials Sb(V). Because of progressive rise in treatment failure to Sb(V) was limited its use in the treatment program in the Indian subcontinent. Until now the mechanism of action of Sb(V) is not very clear. Recent studies indicated that both parasite and hosts contribute to the antimony efflux mechanism. Interestingly, antimonials show strong immunostimulatory abilities as evident from the upregulation of transplantation antigens and enhanced T cell stimulating ability of normal antigen presenting cells when treated with Sb(V) in vitro. Recently, it has been shown that some of the peroxovanadium compounds have Sb(V)-resistance modifying ability in experimental infection with Sb(V) resistant Leishmania donovani isolates in murine model. Thus, vanadium compounds may be used in combination with Sb(V) in the treatment of Sb(V) resistance cases of kala-azar.Keywords
Funding Information
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi
This publication has 217 references indexed in Scilit:
- Elevated levels of tryparedoxin peroxidase in antimony unresponsive Leishmania donovani field isolatesMolecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 2010
- Paromomycin: Uptake and resistance in Leishmania donovaniMolecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 2008
- Injectable Paromomycin for Visceral Leishmaniasis in IndiaNew England Journal of Medicine, 2007
- Characterization of reactions of antimoniate and meglumine antimoniate with a guanine ribonucleoside at different pHBioMetals, 2006
- Refractoriness to the treatment of sodium stibogluconate in Indian kala-azar field isolates persist in in vitro and in vivo experimental modelsZeitschrift Fur Parasitenkunde-Parasitology Research, 2005
- Leishmania donovani engages in regulatory interference by targeting macrophage protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1Clinical Immunology, 2004
- Leishmaniasis: efflux pumps and chemoresistanceInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2003
- Reduction of pentavalent antimony by trypanothione and formation of a binary and ternary complex of antimony(III) and trypanothioneJBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2003
- Resistance to arsenite modulates expression of β- and γ-tubulin and sensitivity to paclitaxel during differentiation of Leishmania donovaniZeitschrift Fur Parasitenkunde-Parasitology Research, 2002
- Mode of action of pentavalent antimonials: Specific inhibition of type I DNA topoisomerase of LeishmaniadonovaniBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1988