Recycling Ambient Microwave Energy With Broad-Band Rectenna Arrays
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- 15 March 2004
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
- Vol. 52 (3), 1014-1024
- https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2004.823585
Abstract
This paper presents a study of reception and rectification of broad-band statistically time-varying low-power-density microwave radiation. The applications are in wireless powering of industrial sensors and recycling of ambient RF energy. A 64-element dual-circularly-polarized spiral rectenna array is designed and characterized over a frequency range of 2-18 GHz with single-tone and multitone incident waves. The integrated design of the antenna and rectifier, using a combination of full-wave electromagnetic field analysis and harmonic balance nonlinear circuit analysis, eliminates matching and filtering circuits, allowing for a compact element design. The rectified dc power and efficiency is characterized as a function of dc load and dc circuit topology, RF frequency, polarization, and incidence angle for power densities between 10/sup -5/-10/sup -1/ mW/cm/sup 2/. In addition, the increase in rectenna efficiency for multitone input waves is presented.Keywords
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