The biology and pest status of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Europe: a review

Abstract

The biology and pest status of the common species of Sitobion, Metopolophium and Rhopalosiphum found on wheat, barley and oat crops in Europe is critically reviewed. Factors that induce production of the different morphs of cereal aphids are considered. Basic life-cycles are described and the importance of migration and dispersal considered. Host-plant preferences, survival and reproduction on Gramineae and feeding site preferences are considered, particularly in relation to the type and amount of damage caused by the aphids. 7he effects of constant temperatures on the biology of some species were investigated, but little is known about the effects of weather in the field. There were few quantitative studies on the effects of natural enemies on cereal aphids, but evidence suggests that they may be important in reducing their numbers. Side effects of pesticides and fertilizers on aphids are also discussed. Aphids may reduce grain yield and quality. Direct damage may result from reductions in the number of ears, 1000 grain wt or numbers of grains/ear. Gramineae are also susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus, transmitted by the aphids. The possibilities of forecasting cereal aphids are considered.