Chemical structure and biological activity of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) and lipid A
- 1 March 1975
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie
- Vol. 287 (1), 73-84
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00632639
Abstract
Summary Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of gram-negative bacteria consist of two components with distinct physico-chemical character: a heteropolysaccharide and a covalently linked lipid, termed lipid A. Chemically, lipid A is made up of acylated glucosamine disaccharides, which are interlinked by pyrophosphate bridges. Lipid A represents the toxic center of lipopolysaccharides. In rabbits, lipid A also induces pyrogen tolerance as well as pyrogen cross-tolerance. Fever tolerance can be passively transferred with serum from rabbits immunized with lipid A. The protective power of lipid A antiserum, however, is only expressed in animals which have been pretreated with lipid A or lipopolysaccharide, indicating that other than humoral factors, perhaps cellular, also participate in endotoxin tolerance. Lipid A antiserum also prevents the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. The possible potency of lipid A antiserum to prevent other endotoxin effects such as lethal shock is presently investigated.Keywords
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