Diagnosis of Metathelazia is emended, including the presence of the teguminal sheath enveloping the body, regarded as a peculiar anatomical feature of all Metastrongyloidea. 3 n. spp. from the lung parenchyma of Palestinian hosts are descr.: M. multipapillata from Erinaceus roumanicus sacer (type host) and E. auritus M. capsulata from Meles meles (type host), Vulpes nilotica and Vormela peregusna; and M. oesophagea from Herpestes ichneumon. Key to spp. of Metathelazia is given. Metathelazia is regarded as belonging to Metastrongyloidea, not to Spiruroidea, with which it has apparent affinities.