Age-Related Prevalence and Distribution of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Species among Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract

We studied the prevalence and species distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in relation to age in 385 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (mean age ± standard deviation [range], 12.0 ± 6.1 [1 to 24] years; sex ratio, 0.53) attending three Parisian centers. The overall prevalence of NTM in sputum was 8.1% (31 out of 385). The following NTM were isolated ( n = 33): Mycobacterium abscessus ( n = 13, 39.4%), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) ( n = 7, 21.2%), Mycobacterium gordonae ( n = 6, 18.2%), and other ( n = 7, 21.2%). Sixteen patients met the American Thoracic Society microbiological criteria for NTM infection, including 11 patients positive for M. abscessus , 4 for MAC, and 1 for MAC and Mycobacterium kansasii . The overall prevalence of NTM was significantly lower in patients under 15 years old than for patients equal to or more than 15 years old (4.8 versus 14.9%, respectively; P = 0.001). M. abscessus was isolated at all ages, while MAC was not recovered before 15 years (prevalence of 0.0 and 5.2% in patients aged 1 to 14 and 15 to 24, respectively; P = 0.001).