Physiological Effects of Acute Passive Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

Effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke at levels typically encountered in public buildings have been investigated. Twenty normal male and female nonsmokers (18 to 30 years) were each exposed for two hours on alternate days (in random order) to either room air or room air plus machine-produced cigarette smoke. Exposures were conducted in an unventilated chamber (14.6 m³). Subdivisions of lung volume, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, single-breath nitrogen washout curves, blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, and heart rates were obtained before, during, and after exposure. A submaximal bicycle ergometer test and a symptom questionnaire were also administered after exposure. Statistical analysis revealed several significant differences between test and control days; the magnitude of the changes was small and of questionable biological significance, however, particularly when account was taken of the number of statistical comparisons made. Despite the relatively small physiological changes, subjective complaints were common—cough, and eye irritation, for example. It is concluded that in normal subjects the magnitude of physiological responses to acute exposures is minimal; thus arguments concerning effects rest on symptomatology and such other factors as the unknown risks of chronic exposure.