Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of lomefloxacin after sequentially increasing oral doses

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of five dose levels of lomefloxacin (100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg) were examined in a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 40 subjects. There were eight subjects in each group: five received active drug and three received placebo; each subject was given only one dose. All subjects completed the study, and lomefloxacin was well tolerated at all doses. No drug crystals were noted in the urine at 3 and 6 h after the dose. The mean maximum concentration in serum (Cmax) ranged from 1.11 to 7.46 micrograms/ml for the 100- to 800-mg doses, respectively, and the AUC increased proportionally with the dose. The mean time to Cmax (Tmax) values averaged 64.8 +/- 28.8 min. The elimination half-life and plasma clearance averaged 7.7 +/- 0.52 h and 259 +/- 37 ml/min, respectively. Mean concentrations in urine were highest during the first 4 h after the dose and ranged from 104 to 713 micrograms/ml following the 100- and 800-mg doses, respectively. Concentrations above 20 micrograms/ml in urine were observed in most subjects over 24 h at the three lower doses and averaged over 120 micrograms/ml during the 12- to 24-h interval at the 400-mg dose, thus supporting once-per-day dosing. Excretion rates from urine and the cumulative amount excreted increased in a dose-related fashion. Renal clearance decreased moderately at the higher doses. Thus, lomefloxacin was well tolerated, and dose proportionality was demonstrated by most pharmacokinetic parameters. The 400-mg dose produced concentrations in plasma and urine above the MIC for susceptible pathogens.