Changes in the Number and Composition of Chloroplasts during Senescence of Mesophyll Cells of Attached and Detached Primary Leaves of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Changes in the number and composition of chloroplasts of mesophyll cells were followed during senescence of the primary leaf of wheat (T. aestivum L.). Senescence was due to the natural pattern of leaf ontogeny or was either induced by leaf detachment and incubation in darkness, or incubation of attached leaves in the dark. In each case discrete sections (1 cm) of the leaf, representing mesophyll cells of the basal, middle and tip regions, were examined. For all treatments, senescence was characterized by a loss of chlorophyll and the protein ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase). Chloroplast number per mesophyll cell remained essentially constant during senescence. It was not until more than 80% of the plastid chlorophyll and RuBPCase was degraded that some reduction (22%) in chloroplast number per mesophyll cell was recorded and this was invariably in the mesophyll cells of the tip. These data are consistent with the idea that degradation occurs within the chloroplast and that all chloroplasts in a mesophyll cell senesce with a high degree of synchrony rather than each chloroplast senescing sequentially.