Direct Amide Synthesis from Either Alcohols or Aldehydes with Amines: Activity of Ru(II) Hydride and Ru(0) Complexes

Abstract
An in situ generated catalyst from readily available RuH2(PPh3)4, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor, NaH, and acetonitrile was developed. The catalyst showed high activity for the amide synthesis directly from either alcohols or aldehydes with amines. When a mixture of an alcohol and an aldehyde was reacted with an amine, both of the corresponding amides were obtained with good yields. Homogeneous Ru(0) complexes such as (η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)(η6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)ruthenium [Ru(cod)(cot)] and Ru3(CO)12 were also active in the amidation of an alcohol or an aldehyde with the help of an in situ generated NHC ligand.