High Temperature-High Pressure Cell for Measuring Densities of Metals by Radiation Counting Technique

Abstract

Equipment and techniques have been developed for measurement of densities of metals at high temperatures (up to 2200°K). The equipment and techniques were demonstrated using alkali metals but are generally applicable not only to most metals but also to many other substances. Determination of vapor and liquid densities of alkali metals at high temperatures and pressures was accomplished by measuring the radiation emanating from the vapor and liquid phases of a radioactive alkali metal contained in a high pressure cell fabricated from a molybdenum‐30 wt.% tungsten alloy. The procedure was used to obtain vapor and liquid phase densities of the alkali metals at temperatures up to 2200°K and pressures up to 500 atm, which approach critical conditions. The radiation counting method involves sealing the metal whose density is to be measured in a containment capsule, irradiating the capsule and metal to produce a gamma emitting isotope of the metal, charging the capsule into the high temperature cell, and counting the activity of the vapor phase and the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to the critical point. A calibration of density vs irradiation level is performed at low temperatures where accurate liquid density data are available.