Fate of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 and 2362 spores used as larvicides in the aquatic environment

Abstract

Dry powders produced from insecticidal B. sphaericus strains 1593 and 2362 were applied against Culex tarsalis and Anopheles franciscanus mosquito larvae in small-plot field trials. Good control of C. tarsalis, but not of A. franciscanus, was produced at 0.1 and 0.2 lb/acre (.apprx. 0.122 and 0.244 kg/ha). B. sphaericus spores settled rapidly from upper water layers and accumulated in bottom muds. Control of 3rd/4th-instar C. tarsalis larvae was maintained through day 4 after testing and was related to the presence of at least 100 spores/ml in the upper water layer 2 days earlier. B. sphaericus was recycled in dead larvae both in the laboratory and in the field, producing an increase of 100- to 1000-fold in spore numbers. There was no evidence of recycling in treated water nor of significant spore persistence on reflooding of ponds after a very hot, dry period.