The de Haas-van Alphen effect and Fermi surface of gadolinium

Abstract
De Haas-van Alphen effect frequencies are reported for a single crystal of Gd of resistance ratio 500. Ten frequencies were found for H within 60 degrees for the c axis and four frequencies for H in or near the basal plane. The six highest frequencies, in the range 1.5-8*107 G, were identified with orbits on the Fermi surfaces obtained by exchange splitting the nonmagnetic RAPW bandstructure. There appears to be three surfaces; 3rd and 4th zone majority surfaces and a 3rd zone minority surface. Orbits were identified on all three surfaces, but to fit the results it was necessary to allow the exchange splitting to vary between 0.060 Ryd and 0.070 Ryd over the Brillouin zone. The RAPW bandstructure predicts very few small orbits and could not account for the eight lowest frequencies, in the range 1.6*107 to 2*105 G.