The developmental morphology of Torpedo marmorata: Electric organ — Myogenic phase

Abstract

The early development of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata has been examined by light and electron microscopy to the 40‐mm stage of embryo growth. The myogenic nature of this tissue is confirmed ultrastructurally by the presence of myoblasts and myotubes both containing myofibrils cross striated with Z, A and I bands. Fusion between these cells is also found taking place. A scheme is presented to explain the development of the overall structural plan of the organ and specifically the formation of the future electrocyte columns. At 40 mm, a series of morphological transformations signals the onset of a divergent developmental pattern ultimately leading to the establishment of mature electrocyte columns. These features include rounding up of myotubes, dissolution of myofibrils and the appearance of intermediate size filaments (11 nm) and perhaps a non‐muscular actin (5.5 nm). This early myogenic phase of development occurs in the absence of any specific nervous contact even though electromotor nerves are always in close proximity.