Effects of dietary fat quality on metabolic endotoxaemia: a systematic review

Abstract

In this systematic review, we critically evaluated human clinical trials that assessed the effects of dietary fat quality on metabolic endotoxemia. The studies were selected from three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) and the keywords were defined according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) indexing terminology. Two authors searched independently, according to pre-defined selection criteria. Quality and risk assessment of bias for each selected study was also evaluated. The results of the included studies demonstrated associations between higher saturated fatty acids intake and increased postprandial LPS concentrations. On the other hand, after the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids bloodstream LPS concentrations were lower. However, in none of the long- term studies the consumption of dietary fats did not seem to exert effects on LPS concentration. Hence, SFAs seems to act as a risk factor for transient increase in endotoxemia, while PUFAs demonstrated to exert a protective effect. Taken together the evidence suggests that the dietary fatty acids profile may influence bloodstream endotoxins concentrations through modulation of factors such LPS clearance, alkaline phosphatase activity, bile acid metabolism, intestinal permeability and intestinal microbiota composition.