Serial transmission of human T‐cell leukemia virus type I by blood transfusion in rabbits and its prevention by use of X‐irradiated stored blood

Abstract

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was serially transmitted for 5 passages from rabbit to rabbit by blood transfusion. The virus could be transmitted with 20 ml of whole blood or washed blood cell suspension (fresh or stored for 1–2 weeks at 4°C) but not with cell-free plasma from seroconverted rabbits. Seroconversion occurred 2–4 weeks after blood transfusion and serum anti-HTLV-1 titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:640 with the immunofluorescence assay. From transfusion recipients of the 1st to 4th passages, virus-producing cell lines were established by culturing lymphocytes in the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF). Three of the 4 cell lines became TCGF-independent after 2–12 months of continuous culture. Blood was transfused between rabbits of opposite sexes and the recipient origin of each cell line was determined by chromosome analysis. We also investigated the effect of X-irradiation (6,000 rad) on blood from seropositive rabbits. Seroconversion likewise occurred in rabbits transfused with blood that had been irradiated immediately before transfusion but not in rabbits transfused with blood that had been irradiated and stored for 1–2 weeks at 4°C. Thus, our rabbit model shows that HTLV-1 is serially transmissible by blood transfusion and that this can be prevented by irradiation of blood. The same procedure, therefore, may be useful for the prevention of transfusion-related transmission of HTLV-1 in humans.