The use of dithiocarbamates for the treatment of persons exposed to nickel carbonyl is presented. The specificity of the treatment is demonstrated in an industrial accident in which 4 men were simultaneously exposed to nickel carbonyl vapors. Three of the men received dithiocarb within 24 h after exposure and the 4th was hospitalized by his family physician and treated for bronchopneumonia with antibiotics and without benefit of dithiocarb. The 3 workmen who received dithiocarb became symptomless and returned to work within 72 h after exposure. The 4th man who had not received dithiocarb died within 5 days after exposure.