Rotterdam Randomized Pilot Studies of Screening for Prostate Cancer—An Overview After 10 Years

Abstract
Four pilot studies were conducted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, prior to the initiation of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). The main purpose of these studies was to establish the feasibility of randomization and of the testing procedures. The pilot studies were not part of the ERSPC, and they were not carried out according to a predesigned evaluation plan. Here, we present the data from these trials in an effort to prevent publication bias.