Psychometric equivalence of an improved Basic Language Morningness (BALM) Scale using industrial population within comparisons
- 1 January 1993
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Ergonomics
- Vol. 36 (1), 191-197
- https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139308967872
Abstract
An existing 13-item composite circadian rhythm ‘morningness’ scale was simplified into a ‘(BA)sic (L)anguage (M)orningness’ (BALM) scale at a seventh grade (12–13 years) reading level. It was given to 150 each of continuously rotating shiftworkers and fixed-schedule dayworkers in an industrial manufacturing plant. Multiple factor analyses confirmed three prior identified factors, morningness/effort, morning alert, and evening. Morningness scores for dayworkers were higher than for shiftworkers (p>000l). The BALM scale revision is suitable for most worker levels. A suggested psychometrically ‘purer’ 9-item morningness scale omits the inconsistent evening factor scale items.Keywords
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