Differentiation of mononucleosis from hepatitis by sonographic measurement of spleen size

Abstract

Spleen size in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) was measured using ultrasound, and the findings were compared with data obtained in cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH). The size was expressed as the spleen index (SI) or the product of the longitudinal and transverse diameters, expressed in cm², of the maximum cross‐sectional area of the spleen. A normal value obtained from 28 healthy individuals was 15 ± 7 cm². The SI (mean ± SD) of patients with AVH and IM were 38 ± 7 cm² and 88 ± 26 cm², respectively. When the SIs were divided into five groups–grade 0 (0–25), grade I (26–50), grade II 51–751, grade III (76–100), and grade IV (100+), 83.3% of the patients with AVH were graded as Grade 0 or I, whereas 88.9% patients with IM belonged to higher grades. Splenomegaly with a SI value over 75, grade III or IV, strongly suggests IM when IM and AVH are being considered in the absence of other potential causes of splenomegaly. Because the clinical features of IM sometimes resemble those of AVH, it is often difficult to differentiate the two entities. The measurement of spleen size could be a significant supplemental aid in the diagnosis of IM in primary medicine, before clinical data can be obtained.