Nucleotide specificity in microtubule assembly in vitro

Abstract
A procedure is described for removing most of the GDP bound at the exchangeable GTP binding site (E site) of tubulin. Microtuble protein [porcine brain] containing substoichiometric amounts of GDP at the E site is found to polymerize in response to: 2 nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs, adenylyl imidodiphosphate and adenylyl .beta.,.gamma.-methylenediphosphonate, and substoichiometric levels of GTP or dGTP. The results suggest that when GDP is removed from tubulin, the E site shows broad specificity for nucleoside triphosphates, and that microtubule assembly can be induced by the binding of substoichiometric amounts of nucleoside triphosphate to the E site.