Pamidronate treatment of pediatric fracture patients on chronic steroid therapy

Abstract

Pediatric nephrology and rheumatology patients with steroid-induced osteopenia are at risk of skeletal fracture. Bisphosphonate therapy has not been routinely advocated as a primary or secondary intervention for steroid-associated fractures in this population. This case control study evaluates the role of pamidronate therapy as a secondary fracture intervention. Children with symptomatic pathological fractures of the axial spine or ribs were treated with pamidronate 1 mg/kg/dose (n=17) IV at 60-day intervals for 1 yr (n=15) or 2 yr (n=2). Bone mineral density of L1–L4 (BMD) was assessed prior to treatment and at six-month intervals, and compared to 17 disease-age-gender-steroid dose-matched control patients. Alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate, PTH, renal biochemistry, and 24-hr urine collections for CrCl, N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio, phosphate excretion, and calcium excretion were obtained every two months in the pamidronate population. Pamidronate caused a first exposure transient flu-like illness lasting Z-scores (mean±SE) relative to baseline (pamidronate vs control: 0–6 months: 0.27±0.14 vs −0.82±0.31; 0–12 months: 0.63±0.17 vs −0.46±0.27; 0–18 months: 0.55±0.32 vs 0.17±0.27; 0–24 months: 0.15±0.21 vs −0.23±0.22; 0–30 or 36 months: 0.77±0.71 vs −0.68±0.25) with repeated measures ANOVA assessment (F=11.27, p=0.0057). This study supports the safety and efficacy of pamidronate in steroid-induced fractures in pediatric nephrology and rheumatology patients.