Comparison of the effects of metals on cellular injury and lipid peroxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract

Various mechanisms, including increases in lipid peroxidation, have been proposed to account for metal‐induced cellular injury. By comparing several metals in the same cell population, it is possible to determine whether a correlation exists between ability to produce cell injury and ability to alter parameters pertaining to a particular mechanism. Of particular interest in this study was the relation between metal‐induced cytotoxicity and increases in lipid peroxidation. The effects of Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Fe, Cd, Hg, and Cu, at final concentrations of 1–1000 μM, on the viability of isolated hepatocytes were therefore examined by assessing the loss of intraceliuiar K⁺ and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Simultaneously, the ability of the metals to induce lipid peroxidation, as measured by an increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants, was assessed. Hg and Cu required the lowest concentration to produce cellular injury, while Cd produced less dramatic changes in cell viability and Fe at 1000 μM produced only a small decrease in intraceliuiar K⁺. The largest absolute increases in lipid peroxidation were found in the presence of V, followed by Fe and Hg, with Cd and Se causing the smallest increase in TBA reactants. These observations suggest that the lipid peroxidation associated with Cd and Hg is not necessarily responsible for the loss of cell viability induced by these two metals.