Biology of Human Sodium Glucose Transporters
Top Cited Papers
- 1 April 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Physiological Society in Physiological Reviews
- Vol. 91 (2), 733-794
- https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00055.2009
Abstract
There are two classes of glucose transporters involved in glucose homeostasis in the body, the facilitated transporters or uniporters (GLUTs) and the active transporters or symporters (SGLTs). The energy for active glucose transport is provided by the sodium gradient across the cell membrane, the Na(+) glucose cotransport hypothesis first proposed in 1960 by Crane. Since the cloning of SGLT1 in 1987, there have been advances in the genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, and structure of SGLTs. There are 12 members of the human SGLT (SLC5) gene family, including cotransporters for sugars, anions, vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids. Here we give a personal review of these advances. The SGLTs belong to a structural class of membrane proteins from unrelated gene families of antiporters and Na(+) and H(+) symporters. This class shares a common atomic architecture and a common transport mechanism. SGLTs also function as water and urea channels, glucose sensors, and coupled-water and urea transporters. We also discuss the physiology and pathophysiology of SGLTs, e.g., glucose galactose malabsorption and familial renal glycosuria, and briefly report on targeting of SGLTs for new therapies for diabetes.Keywords
This publication has 244 references indexed in Scilit:
- Water Permeation through the Sodium-Dependent Galactose Cotransporter vSGLTBiophysical Journal, 2010
- Ion-Releasing State of a Secondary Membrane TransporterBiophysical Journal, 2009
- Structure and function of Na+-symporters with inverted repeatsCurrent Opinion in Structural Biology, 2009
- Reanalysis of structure/function correlations in the region of transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of the rabbit sodium/glucose cotransporterBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2009
- SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake protects human intestinal epithelial cells against Giardia duodenalis-induced apoptosisInternational Journal for Parasitology, 2008
- Engineering Protein Allostery: 1.05 Å Resolution Structure and Enzymatic Properties of a Na+-activated TrypsinJournal of Molecular Biology, 2008
- Survival of Cancer Cells Is Maintained by EGFR Independent of Its Kinase ActivityCancer Cell, 2008
- SLC5A9/SGLT4, a new Na+-dependent glucose transporter, is an essential transporter for mannose, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and fructoseLife Sciences, 2004
- Local Conformational Changes in the Vibrio Na+/Galactose CotransporterBiochemistry, 2004
- Mechanisms Involved in the Uptake of D-Glucose into the Milk-Producing Cells of Rat Mammary TissueBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1995