For the last fifteen years a group at the Mayo Clinic have been interested in the difficult problem of diffuse arterial disease with hypertension. Periodically an unusual case of this disease is encountered which upsets prevailing ideas and compels an alteration of views with regard to the general problem. In this paper we wish to describe and discuss 2 such cases. They are undoubtedly extreme examples, but they present interesting features that are not altogether typical and accentuate important points which may add to the knowledge of the group of more general examples. The patients were both physicians in the prime of life, and diffuse arterial disease was the cause of death in both cases. The clinical course and the retinal and pathologic data will be stressed in this report. Case1.—On May 15, 1936, the first patient, a physician 46 years of age, came to the clinic complaining of