Suramin interrupts androgen‐inducible autocrine loop involving heparin binding growth factor in mouse mammary cancer (Shionogi carcinoma 115) cells

Abstract

The androgen‐dependent clonal cell line SC‐3, derived from Shionogi carcinoma 115, secretes a fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐autocrine growth factor in response to androgen, which is able to bind to FGF receptors. In SC‐3 cells, FGF receptor expression is upregulated by the SC‐3‐derived growth factor, providing a means of amplifying an autocrine loop of cell growth. In the present investigations, the effect of the polysulfonated naphthylurea suramin on this autocrine loop and its amplification in SC‐3 cells were studied. Suramin inhibited androgen‐dependent growth of SC‐3 cells in a concentration‐dependent fashion: ∼50% inhibition was observed at 25 μM. [³H]Thymidine incorporation into the cells stimulated with partially purified SC‐3‐derived growth factor was inhibited by suramin in a similar way. Additionally, suramin inhibited acidic (a) or basic (b) FGF‐induced cell proliferation, though relatively high concentrations were necessary to achieve the maximal inhibition. Pretreatment of SC‐3 cells with suramin decreased cell surface ¹²⁵I‐bFGF binding without altering dissociation constant (Kd) of the binding sites. When the cells were incubated with 250 μM suramin for 24 h, the maximum binding (Bmax) decreased to almost 50% of the control. Treatment with suramin also decreased the levels of FGF receptor‐1 mRNA to a similar extent, whereas it appeared not to affect the levels of β‐actin mRNA. Moreover, suramin completely blocked androgen‐ or bFGF‐induced accumulation of FGF receptor‐1 mRNA. The inhibitory effects of suramin on FGF receptor expression were reversed by simultaneous addition of high concentrations of bFGF. These results indicate that suramin exerts its potent antiproliferative action on SC‐3 cells through inhibition of an androgen‐inducible autocrine loop involving SC‐3‐derived growth factor and FGF receptor.