A taxonomic revision of the genus Dodonaea Miller (Sapindaceae) in Australia is presented. A total of 61 native species are recognized in six infrageneric groups. Seven new species are described and illustrated: D. falcata, D. glandulosa, D. intricata, D. rigida, D. sinuolata, D. subglandulifera and D. uncinata. Two new subspecies and two new varieties are described: D. sinuolata ssp. acrodentata, D. viscosa ssp. mucronata, D. lanceolata van subsessilifolia and D. microzyga var. acrolobata. D. cuneata and D. angustissima are reduced to subspecific level in the polymorphic D. viscosa and the following subspecies are also recognized within D. viscosa: ssp. viscosa, ssp. burmanniana, spp. angustifolia and ssp. spatulata. A general key to the species, another based on vegetative features and keys to the infraspecific taxa are provided. Fruits and leaf outlines of all recognized taxa are illustrated.