Aquatic Animals in Toxicity Testing

Abstract

Aquatic animals provide useful models for toxicological evaluations that bridge the gap between real world and laboratory problems. Select aquatic organisms are adaptable to laboratory experimentation in areas such as acute toxicity testing and chronic sublethal risks evaluation, including such phenomena as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and teratogenesis. General and specific examples of how aquatic animals are useful to toxicologists, as well as theoretical bases for their use, are discussed in this paper.