Use of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance for polymer studies started late in 1950. The pioneer article of Bovey, Tiers, and Filipovich called attention to the potential of high resolution NMR for studies of polymer chain configurations. Since then, extensive use has been reported of high resolution NMR for various problems involving polymer structures. This review was originally intended to cover only studies dealing with rubber or elastomers. As the work proceeded, it became more obvious that the division of elastomers and non-elastomers appeared invisible so far as polymers in solution are concerned. Thus, it seems more appropriate to treat the subject in terms of polymers in general rather than limiting it only to elastomers. The review includes four main parts: namely, tacticity of polymer chain, orientation variation, or head-to-head or head-to-tail type variation of polymer chain, chain sequence distributions, and analytical measurements of structure and ratio of monomer units in polymer chains. This division is merely for convenience of discussion, but because of interrelationships existing in actual polymer systems, this partitioning will frequently appear not to be so precise. Excellent review articles on the subject appeared previously elsewhere; general articles are also available. Main object of this review is to furnish an up-to-date broad view of usefulness of high resolution NMR in polymer research. A more qualitative description, rather than a rigorous quantitative treatment is given each subject. Those who wish to pursue the subject in more detail should consult original articles. Extensive reviews on application of wideline NMR to polymer studies, which is not included in this review, are also available. Application of the recently developed spin-echo NMR technique to polymer solutions is not included.