The understanding of the various abdominal wall anomalies is dependent upon knowledge of the embryologic origin of these defects and their accompanying malformations. Appropriate roentgenographic procedures depend upon the anticipated pathologic defects seen in each type of anomaly. Thus, cephalic fold defects should include roentgenologic investigation of the chest deformity, congenital heart disease, omphalocele, and gastrointestinal anomalies associated with this condition. In omphalocele, roentgenologic search for additional congenital anomalies, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract, is important. Extrophy of the cloaca, or caudal fold defect, demands a thorough study of the intestine for potential surgical correction. This includes determination of the length and character of the blind colon remnant, if this is present. Gastroschisis is distinguished from omphalocele principally by the physical examination, and the incidence of additional serious anomalies in this condition is low.