A Decade of Change in an Old-growth Beech-Maple Forest in Indiana

Abstract
In 1975 a tree by tree comparison was made for the 10.87 acre (4.40 ha) portion of Hoot Woods, a 64 acre (25.9 ha) old growth beech-maple stand, that was mapped at a 1:33 scale in 1965. During the decade, mortality removed 11.6% of the trees of all species; accessions replaced 8.6% for a net density decline of 3% to 80.4 stems/acre (198.6/ha). Stand basal area increased 2.4% to 122.5 ft2/acre or 28.11 m2/ha), largely from growth increments of surviving trees. American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) declined 11.8% in density and 7.2% in importance; sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) increased 8.9% in density and 10% in importance. Combined importance percentages for the 6 leading sp [Acer saccharum, Liriodendrom tulipifera, Fraxinus spp., Sassafras albidum, Quercus spp. and Ulmus spp.] changed little during the decade, suggesting that Hoot Woods closely approaches climax. For all species combined, densities decreased in the middle size classes, but increased in large size classes. Distribution patterns of accessions and mortalities had Poisson values of 1.6 and 1.3, respectively. Changes in importance values for the codominants suggest that beech [Fagus grandifolia] is declining with sugar maple [A. saccharum], slowly increasing. Such changes are part of long-term wave form periodicities in beech and maple dominance.