Trapping of Negative Ions in Turbulent Superfluid Helium

Abstract
Capture and escape of negative ions by vorticity resulting from a supercritical heat current in liquid He II are demonstrated in the temperature range between 1.6 and 1.8°K. The vorticity is identical to that produced by rotation except for configuration of the individual lines. The escape probability was measured between 1.7 and 1.8°K and is in agreement with the theory of Donnelly.