Luminescent Lanthanide Ions Hosted in a Fluorescent Polylysin Dendrimer. Antenna-Like Sensitization of Visible and Near-Infrared Emission

Abstract

We have investigated the complexation of the luminescent Nd³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Er³⁺, and Yb³⁺ ions by a polylysin dendrimer containing 21 amide groups in the interior and, in the periphery, 24 chromophoric dansyl units which show an intense fluorescence band in the visible region. Most of the experiments were performed in 5:1 acetonitrile/dichloromethane solution at 298 K. On addition of the lanthanide ions to dendrimer solutions, the fluorescence of the dansyl units is quenched; in Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, and Yb³⁺, a sensitized near-infrared emission of the lanthanide ion is observed. At low metal ion concentrations, each dendrimer hosts only one metal ion and when the hosted metal ion is Nd³⁺ or Eu³⁺, the fluorescence of all the 24 dansyl units of the dendrimer is quenched with unitary efficiency. Quantitative measurements were performed in a variety of experimental conditions, including protonation of the dansyl units and measurements in rigid matrix at 77 K where a sensitized Eu³⁺ emission could also be observed. The results obtained have been interpreted on the basis of the energy levels and redox potentials of dendrimer and metal ions.