Floral development of Myrica gale and the controversy over floral concepts

Abstract
Two bracteoles form by divisions in the second layer of cells on the transversal flanks of the floral apex. Four stamens form in the male by cell divisions in the third layer of cells; one develops opposite each bracteole and two form in the median plane on either side of the floral apex. In the female bud a girdling gynoecial primordium forms by periclinal divisions in the second layer. Growth becomes localized in two or three zones in the gynoecial primordium; upward growth results in the formation of two or three stigmas. The gynoecial wall forms by intercalary growth above and below the region of bracteole attachment. The ovule develops by the resumption of growth of the floral apex. A single vascularized integument, formed at first by periclinal divisions in the protoderm, encloses the nucellus. The development and pattern of the vascular tissue is described. Four conceptual frameworks regarding the morphological nature of the flower are outlined and the data derived from this study are analyzed in relation to each framework. The interpretations are conflicting and it is considered that this is due, in part, to an a priori establishment of mutually exclusive categories.