CULTIVATING LOVING KINDNESS: A TWO-STAGE MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF MEDITATION ON EMPATHY, COMPASSION, AND ALTRUISM

Abstract

We explore the role of meditative practice in cultivat­ ing experiences of compassion, empathy, and altruiSfIl and address an apparent paradox: Meditation often is associated with solitary re­ treat, if not preoccupation with one's own concerns. How, then, does such a practice promote compassion for others? We propose a two­ stage model. The first stage involves disengagement from usual pre­ occupation with self-reinforcing, self-defeating, or self-indulgent behaviors and reactions; the second involves a focused engagement with a universal human capacity for altruistic experience, love, and compassion. Reference is made to the limited research literature and to clinical applications of loving kindness (metta) meditation in cul­ tivating these processes.