Formation of magnetic clusters in paramagnetic nickel-copper alloys

Abstract
An itinerant-electron model with Coulomb exchange repulsion at random lattice sites is used to formulate conditions for local instability to occur and magnetic clusters to be formed. The cluster-moment distribution and average concentration of clusters are calculated and compared with values deduced from susceptibility measurements. A cluster critical temperature, above which no clusters exist, is defined. The critical nickel concentration for the onset of bulk ferromagnetism is correlated with a critical percolation density of the magnetic clusters. The specific-heat anomaly is also discussed.