INTRODUCTION This annual report on graduate medical education in the United States contains data on number of residency programs by specialty and by region, number of positions offered, number of trainees by specialty and by region, and number of foreign medical graduates in each specialty and in each state and information on the ethnic background and citizenship of trainees. METHODOLOGY The accreditation actions of the Residency Review Committees and of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) are recorded regularly. Statistical information on graduate medical education in the United States is collected annually by means of surveys of program directors and of institutions and agencies that participate to a significant extent in graduate medical education. In September 1983, every director of an accredited graduate medical training program was sent a computer printout of the listing of the program as it will appear in the Directory. Enclosed with the printout