Relation between Very Low Birth Weight and Developmental Delay among Preschool Children Without Disabilities

Abstract

The authors examined the relation between very low birth weight (VLBW: <1,500 g) and possible developmental delay (DELAY) in the absence of frank developmental disability among young children. The prevalence of DELAY in a population-based cohort (Missouri resident births born from December 1989 through March 1991) of singleton VLBW children (n = 367) was compared with the prevalence of DELAY among both moderately low birth weight (MLBW: 1,500–2,499 g; n = 553) and normal birth weight (NBW: ≥2,500 g; n = 555) singleton control children. DELAY was defined by nine measures of performance on the Denver Developmental Screening Test II at a median adjusted age of 15 months (range: 9–34 months). Subjects were asymptomatic for disabling conditions at developmental follow-up. Apparently well VLBW children were consistently at greater risk for both moderate and severe measures of DELAY and for DELAY across four functional areas than were either the MLBW (adjusted odds ratios: 1.4–2.7) or NBW children (adjusted odds ratios: 2.1–6.3). The greatest prevalence of DELAY tended to be among appropriate-for-gestational age VLBW children who were also the most premature. This study supports developmental follow-up of nondisabled VLBW children because of the significantly elevated risk for DELAY among apparently normal infants.