Abstract
In oxygen the log surviving fraction was proportional to dose over many powers of 10 with an extrapolation number of 1.3. In nitrogen there was no simple relationship, as additional fall in bacterial survival was obtained at low dose rates, or high irradiation temperatures, or with adding N-ethyl-maleimide, or continued anoxia after irradiation. The protective effect of glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and cysteine were also studied.